Matthew Chapter 22

Matthew Chapter 22: Verse by Verse Explanation By Anietie Hanson

Matthew Chapter 22 is a pivotal chapter in the Gospel of Matthew, where Jesus continues to teach and confront the religious leaders of His time. This chapter contains several parables and teachings that illustrate the nature of God's Kingdom, the rejection of the Messiah, and the importance of genuine faith and righteousness. The chapter is rich in symbolism, prophetic fulfillment, and theological significance, making it essential for understanding Jesus' mission and the response required from His followers.

Verse-by-Verse Explanation of Matthew Chapter 22

Verse 1:

KJV: "And Jesus answered and spake unto them again by parables, and said,"
WEB: "Jesus answered and spoke to them again in parables, saying,"

Explanation:
Jesus uses parables as a teaching method, a common practice in His ministry. Parables are simple stories used to illustrate moral or spiritual lessons. Here, He addresses the religious leaders, who have been questioning His authority. The use of parables allows Him to convey profound truths in a way that challenges their understanding while also concealing the message from those unwilling to accept it (Matthew 13:10-17).

Verse 2:

KJV: "The kingdom of heaven is like unto a certain king, which made a marriage for his son,"
WEB: "The Kingdom of Heaven is like a certain king, who made a marriage feast for his son."

Explanation:
The "king" represents God the Father, and the "marriage feast" symbolizes the invitation to enter into a relationship with Him through His Son, Jesus Christ. This imagery of a wedding feast is significant in biblical literature, often representing joy, celebration, and covenant (Isaiah 62:5). The marriage feast also reflects the eschatological banquet that believers will partake in at the end of time (Revelation 19:9).

Verse 3:

KJV: "And sent forth his servants to call them that were bidden to the wedding: and they would not come."
WEB: "He sent out his servants to call those who were invited to the wedding feast, but they would not come."

Explanation:
The "servants" symbolize the prophets and messengers sent by God throughout history to call people to repentance and faith. The refusal of those invited represents the rejection of God's invitation by the Jewish leaders and people, who were the first to receive the promise of the Messiah (Isaiah 65:12). This rejection foreshadows the broader rejection of Jesus as the Messiah.

Verse 4:

KJV: "Again, he sent forth other servants, saying, Tell them which are bidden, Behold, I have prepared my dinner: my oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come unto the marriage."
WEB: "Again, he sent out other servants, saying, 'Tell those who are invited, "Behold, I have prepared my dinner. My oxen and my fattened cattle are killed, and all things are ready. Come to the wedding feast!"'"

Explanation:
The king's insistence on inviting guests again illustrates God's patience and desire for all to come to Him. The "dinner" symbolizes the abundance of grace and salvation offered through Christ. The mention of "oxen and fatlings" signifies the richness of God's provision (Psalm 23:5). This invitation reflects the Gospel call to all people, emphasizing that salvation is available to everyone.

Verse 5:

KJV: "But they made light of it, and went their ways, one to his farm, another to his merchandise:"
WEB: "But they made light of it, and went their ways, one to his own farm, another to his merchandise."

Explanation:
The indifference of those invited signifies the distractions of worldly concerns that prevent people from responding to God's call. The "farm" and "merchandise" represent earthly pursuits and materialism, which can lead to spiritual apathy (Luke 14:18-20). This serves as a warning against prioritizing temporal matters over eternal truths.

Verse 6:

KJV: "And the remnant took his servants, and entreated them spitefully, and slew them."
WEB: "The rest seized his servants, treated them shamefully, and killed them."

Explanation:
This verse highlights the violent rejection of God's messengers, symbolizing the persecution of the prophets throughout Israel's history (Hebrews 11:36-38). The "remnant" refers to those who persist in their rebellion against God, illustrating the consequences of rejecting divine authority.

Verse 7:

KJV: "But when the king heard thereof, he was wroth: and he sent forth his armies, and destroyed those murderers, and burned up their city."
WEB: "But when the king heard of it, he was angry. He sent his armies and destroyed those murderers and burned their city."

Explanation:
The king's anger represents God's righteous judgment against those who reject His invitation and persecute His messengers. The destruction of the city symbolizes the impending judgment on Jerusalem for its rejection of Jesus, which culminated in the destruction of the temple in AD 70 (Luke 19:41-44).

Verse 8:

KJV: "Then saith he to his servants, The wedding is ready, but they which were bidden were not worthy."
WEB: "Then he said to his servants, 'The wedding is ready, but those who were invited weren't worthy.'"

Explanation:
The statement about the invited guests not being "worthy" emphasizes that acceptance of God's invitation requires a response of faith and repentance. The unworthiness of the original invitees reflects their rejection of God's grace and the consequences of their choices (Romans 3:23).

Verse 9:

KJV: "Go ye therefore into the highways, and as many as ye shall find, bid to the marriage."
WEB: "Go therefore to the intersections of the highways, and as many as you may find, invite to the wedding feast."

Explanation:
The command to invite those from the highways symbolizes the expansion of God's invitation to all people, including Gentiles. This reflects the universal nature of the Gospel and God's desire for all to be saved (Matthew 28:19-20). The "highways" represent the places where people gather, indicating that the call to salvation is for everyone, regardless of background.

Verse 10:

KJV: "So those servants went out into the highways, and gathered together all as many as they found, both bad and good: and the wedding was furnished with guests."
WEB: "Those servants went out into the highways and gathered together as many as they found, both bad and good. The wedding feast was filled with guests."

Explanation:
The gathering of both "bad and good" signifies that God's grace is available to all, regardless of their past. This inclusivity highlights the transformative power of the Gospel, which can redeem even the most unlikely individuals (1 Corinthians 6:9-11). The filled wedding feast symbolizes the fulfillment of God's plan to bring people into His Kingdom.

Verse 11:

KJV: "And when the king came in to see the guests, he saw there a man which had not on a wedding garment:"
WEB: "But when the king came in to see the guests, he saw there a man who didn't have on a wedding garment."

Explanation:
The wedding garment symbolizes righteousness and the proper attire for entering God's presence. The absence of a wedding garment represents those who attempt to enter the Kingdom without the necessary transformation and faith in Christ (Isaiah 61:10). This serves as a reminder that while God's invitation is open to all, there are expectations for those who accept it.

Verse 12:

KJV: "And he saith unto him, Friend, how camest thou in hither not having a wedding garment? And he was speechless."
WEB: "And he said to him, 'Friend, how did you come in here not wearing a wedding garment?' He was speechless."

Explanation:
The king's question emphasizes the seriousness of being unprepared for the feast. The man's speechlessness indicates his lack of excuse or justification for not wearing the appropriate garment. This reflects the accountability of individuals before God regarding their response to His invitation (Romans 14:12).

Verse 13:

KJV: "Then said the king to the servants, Bind him hand and foot, and take him away, and cast him into outer darkness; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth."
WEB: "Then the king said to the servants, 'Bind him hand and foot, take him away, and throw him into the outer darkness. There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.'"

Explanation:
The punishment of being cast into "outer darkness" symbolizes eternal separation from God and the consequences of rejecting His grace. The imagery of "weeping and gnashing of teeth" conveys the anguish and regret of those who fail to respond appropriately to God's call (Matthew 25:30). This serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness of one's spiritual condition.

Verse 14:

KJV: "For many are called, but few are chosen."
WEB: "For many are called, but few are chosen."

Explanation:
This concluding statement encapsulates the message of the parable. While God's invitation to salvation is extended to many, only those who respond in faith and obedience are considered "chosen." This reflects the biblical theme of election and the necessity of a genuine relationship with God (Ephesians 1:4-5).

Verse 15:

KJV: "Then went the Pharisees, and took counsel how they might entangle him in his talk."
WEB: "Then the Pharisees went and took counsel how they might entrap him in his talk."

Explanation:
The Pharisees represent the religious elite who feel threatened by Jesus' authority and popularity. Their decision to plot against Him signifies the growing hostility towards Him. The term "entangle" suggests their intent to trap Jesus into making a statement that could be used against Him, reflecting their lack of understanding of His mission (Matthew 12:14).

Verse 16:

KJV: "And they sent out unto him their disciples with the Herodians, saying, Master, we know that thou art true, and teachest the way of God in truth, neither carest thou for any man: for thou regardest not the person of men."
WEB: "They sent their disciples to him, along with the Herodians, saying, 'Teacher, we know that you are truthful, and teach the way of God in truth. You aren’t concerned about anyone’s opinion, for you aren’t partial to any.'"

Explanation:
The alliance of the Pharisees with the Herodians (supporters of Herod) is significant, as these two groups typically opposed each other. Their flattery attempts to disarm Jesus and set Him up for a difficult question about paying taxes to Caesar, a contentious issue among the Jewish people (Mark 12:13-14). Their acknowledgment of Jesus as a truthful teacher highlights His authority but also sets the stage for their intended trap.

Verse 17:

KJV: "Tell us therefore, What thinkest thou? Is it lawful to give tribute unto Caesar, or not?"
WEB: "Tell us therefore, what do you think? Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, or not?"

Explanation:
The question posed to Jesus about paying taxes to Caesar presents a dilemma. If He answers "yes," He could alienate the Jewish people who resent Roman rule. If He answers "no," He could be accused of insurrection against the Roman authorities. This question encapsulates the tension between spiritual obligations and earthly governance (Luke 20:22).

Verse 18:

KJV: "But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and said, Why tempt ye me, ye hypocrites?"
WEB: "But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and said, 'Why do you test me, you hypocrites?'"

Explanation:
Jesus' ability to perceive their wickedness emphasizes His divine insight and authority. By calling them "hypocrites," He exposes their insincerity and the underlying motives of their question. This confrontation highlights the disparity between their outward religious appearances and their true intentions (Matthew 23:28).

Verse 19:

KJV: "Shew me the tribute money. And they brought unto him a penny."
WEB: "Show me the tax money.' They brought to him a denarius."

Explanation:
The request for "tribute money" signifies the Roman tax, and the "penny" (denarius) represents the standard currency of the time. The denarius was commonly used to pay taxes and had the image of Caesar, reinforcing the connection to the question of authority and allegiance (Matthew 17:24-27).

Verse 20:

KJV: "And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription?"
WEB: "He said to them, 'Whose is this image and inscription?'"

Explanation:
By asking about the image and inscription on the coin, Jesus directs attention to the authority represented by Caesar. This question serves to highlight the distinction between earthly and divine authority, leading to a profound teaching moment about the nature of obligation (Exodus 20:4).

Verse 21:

KJV: "They say unto him, Caesar's. Then saith he unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's; and unto God the things that are God's."
WEB: "They said to him, 'Caesar’s.' Then he said to them, 'Render therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.'"

Explanation:
Jesus' response is masterful; He affirms the legitimacy of civil authority while simultaneously emphasizing the supremacy of God’s authority. The phrase "render to Caesar" acknowledges the role of government, while "to God the things that are God’s" calls for total allegiance to God, reflecting the dual responsibilities of believers (Romans 13:1-7).

Verse 22:

KJV: "When they had heard these words, they marvelled, and left him, and went their way."
WEB: "When they heard these words, they marveled, and left him and went away."

Explanation:
The astonishment of the Pharisees and Herodians at Jesus' wisdom signifies their inability to trap Him in His words. Their departure illustrates their frustration and the futility of their attempts to undermine Him. This moment reflects the growing recognition of Jesus' authority among the people (Matthew 7:28-29).

Verse 23:

KJV: "The same day came to him the Sadducees, which say that there is no resurrection, and asked him,"
WEB: "On that day, the Sadducees, who say that there is no resurrection, came to him and asked him."

Explanation:
The Sadducees were a Jewish sect that denied the resurrection and the existence of angels and spirits. Their challenge to Jesus indicates their attempt to confront Him on theological grounds, seeking to undermine His teachings on eternal life and resurrection (Acts 23:8).

Verse 24:

KJV: "Saying, Master, Moses said, If a man die, having no children, his brother shall marry his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother."
WEB: "They asked him, saying, 'Teacher, Moses said, "If a man dies, having no children, his brother shall marry his wife and raise up offspring for his brother."'

Explanation:
The reference to Moses and the law concerning levirate marriage (Deuteronomy 25:5) serves as the basis for their hypothetical scenario. They present a convoluted question designed to challenge the concept of resurrection, illustrating their misunderstanding of both the law and the afterlife.

Verse 25:

KJV: "Now there were with us seven brethren: and the first, when he had married a wife, deceased, and, having no issue, left his wife unto his brother:"
WEB: "Now there were with us seven brothers. The first married and died, and having no offspring, left his wife to his brother."

Explanation:
The hypothetical situation involving seven brothers emphasizes the absurdity they perceive in the resurrection concept. Their scenario is intended to mock the idea of life after death, showing their lack of belief in the resurrection and the reality of eternal life (Job 19:25-26).

Verse 26:

KJV: "Likewise the second also, and the third, unto the seventh."
WEB: "Likewise, the second also, and the third, up to the seventh."

Explanation:
Continuing their scenario, the mention of all seven brothers illustrates the extreme nature of their argument. It serves to emphasize their disbelief in the resurrection while attempting to challenge Jesus' teachings about life after death.

Verse 27:

KJV: "And last of all the woman died also."
WEB: "Last of all, the woman died also."

Explanation:
The completion of their hypothetical scenario serves to heighten the absurdity of the situation. By presenting a case where all parties involved die, they attempt to illustrate a supposed contradiction in the resurrection narrative.

Verse 28:

KJV: "Therefore in the resurrection whose wife shall she be of the seven? for they all had her."
WEB: "In the resurrection therefore, whose wife will she be of the seven? For they all had her."

Explanation:
This question encapsulates their challenge, aiming to demonstrate what they perceive as a logical inconsistency regarding marriage in the resurrection. It reflects their misunderstanding of the nature of eternal life and relationships in the afterlife.

Verse 29:

KJV: "Jesus answered and said unto them, Ye do err, not knowing the scriptures, nor the power of God."
WEB: "But Jesus answered them, 'You are mistaken, not knowing the Scriptures nor the power of God.'"

Explanation:
Jesus' response directly addresses their ignorance. By stating they "erred," He points out that their misunderstanding stems from a lack of knowledge about Scripture and God's power. This serves as a rebuke, highlighting the importance of understanding the Scriptures and the nature of God (Hosea 4:6).

Verse 30:

KJV: "For in the resurrection they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are as the angels of God in heaven."
WEB: "For in the resurrection, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like the angels of God in heaven."

Explanation:
Jesus clarifies that earthly institutions like marriage do not exist in the same form in the resurrection. Instead, resurrected beings will be like angels, emphasizing a different kind of existence that transcends earthly relationships. This teaching reflects the transformative nature of eternal life (Revelation 21:4).

Verse 31:

KJV: "But as touching the resurrection of the dead, have ye not read that which was spoken unto you by God, saying,"
WEB: "But concerning the resurrection of the dead, haven’t you read that which was spoken to you by God, saying,"

Explanation:
Jesus refers to the authority of Scripture to validate the concept of resurrection. This statement emphasizes the necessity of understanding God's Word in light of His promises about life after death (Exodus 3:6).

Verse 32:

KJV: "I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob? God is not the God of the dead, but of the living."
WEB: "'I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.' God is not the God of the dead, but of the living."

Explanation:
By quoting God’s declaration, Jesus emphasizes that the patriarchs are alive in God’s presence. This statement underscores the reality of the resurrection, affirming that those who believe in God continue to exist beyond physical death. It highlights God's relationship with His people as one that transcends mortality (Luke 20:38).

Verse 33:

KJV: "And when the multitude heard this, they were astonished at his doctrine."
WEB: "When the multitudes heard it, they were astonished at his teaching."

Explanation:
The astonishment of the crowd reflects the authority and depth of Jesus' teaching. His ability to address complex theological questions with clarity demonstrates His divine wisdom, drawing people to Him (Matthew 7:28-29).

Verse 34:

KJV: "But when the Pharisees had heard that he had put the Sadducees to silence, they were gathered together."
WEB: "But the Pharisees, when they heard that he had silenced the Sadducees, gathered together."

Explanation:
The Pharisees' gathering signifies their continued opposition to Jesus and their attempt to challenge Him after witnessing His success against the Sadducees. This rivalry showcases the broader conflict between Jesus and the religious leaders of the time.

Verse 35:

KJV: "Then one of them, which was a lawyer, asked him a question, tempting him, and saying,"
WEB: "One of them, a lawyer, asked him a question, testing him, saying,"

Explanation:
The lawyer represents a scholar of the law, someone who would be knowledgeable about Jewish teachings. His intent to "tempt" Jesus indicates a desire to trap Him with a question that could lead to controversy or contradiction (Luke 10:25).

Verse 36:

KJV: "Master, which is the great commandment in the law?"
WEB: "Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the law?"

Explanation:
The question about the "greatest commandment" seeks to provoke a response that could either elevate or undermine Jesus' authority. Jewish law contained numerous commandments, and this question aimed to identify which one Jesus considered most important, potentially setting Him against the established religious order (Deuteronomy 6:5).

Verse 37:

KJV: "Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind."
WEB: "Jesus said to him, 'You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.'"

Explanation:
Jesus cites Deuteronomy 6:5, highlighting the paramount importance of loving God wholly. This commandment encapsulates the essence of faith and the relationship believers are to have with God, emphasizing total devotion and commitment (Mark 12:30).

Verse 38:

KJV: "This is the first and great commandment."
WEB: "This is the first and great commandment."

Explanation:
By declaring this commandment as the "first and great," Jesus affirms its foundational role in the life of a believer. It establishes the priority of loving God above all else, which serves as the basis for all other commandments.

Verse 39:

KJV: "And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself."
WEB: "A second likewise is this: 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.'"

Explanation:
Jesus introduces the second commandment from Leviticus 19:18, which emphasizes love for one’s neighbor. This commandment is intrinsically linked to the first, as genuine love for God naturally results in love for others. Together, these commandments encapsulate the essence of the Law and the Prophets (Romans 13:10).

Verse 40:

KJV: "On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets."
WEB: "The whole law and the prophets depend on these two commandments."

Explanation:
Jesus' statement underscores that all of the Law and prophetic teachings are ultimately fulfilled in these two commandments. They form the foundation of ethical and moral behavior, guiding believers in their relationship with God and others. This teaching encapsulates the heart of the Gospel message (Galatians 5:14).

Verse 41:

KJV: "While the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them,"
WEB: "Now while the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them,"

Explanation:
Jesus takes the opportunity to turn the tables on the Pharisees by asking them a question. This moment showcases His authority and challenges them to reflect on their understanding of the Messiah.

Verse 42:

KJV: "What think ye of Christ? whose son is he? They say unto him, The son of David."
WEB: "What do you think about the Christ? Whose son is he?' They said to him, 'The son of David.'"

Explanation:
Jesus' question about the identity of the Christ (Messiah) invites the Pharisees to reflect on their beliefs. Their response indicates their understanding of the Messiah as a descendant of David, a widely held belief based on prophetic scripture (Isaiah 11:1). However, their answer reveals a limited understanding of Jesus’ true identity.

Verse 43:

KJV: "He saith unto them, How then doth David in spirit call him Lord, saying,"
WEB: "He said to them, 'How then does David in the Spirit call him Lord, saying,'"

Explanation:
By referencing David, Jesus introduces Psalm 110:1, where David refers to the Messiah as "Lord." This challenges the Pharisees' understanding of the Messiah's identity, as it implies that the Messiah is greater than David, not merely his descendant. This concept of dual identity is central to understanding Jesus as both fully human and fully divine (Hebrews 1:13).

Verse 44:

KJV: "The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool."
WEB: "'The Lord said to my Lord, "Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool."'

Explanation:
This quotation emphasizes the authority of the Messiah. Sitting at the right hand of God signifies a position of honor and power, indicating that the Messiah will ultimately reign over His enemies. This further establishes Jesus' claim to divine authority and His role in God's redemptive plan.

Verse 45:

KJV: "If David then call him Lord, how is he his son?"
WEB: "If then David calls him Lord, how is he his son?"

Explanation:
Jesus' rhetorical question underscores the paradox of the Messiah's identity. If David, a revered ancestor, refers to the Messiah as "Lord," it challenges the conventional understanding that the Messiah is merely a political figure. This question invites deeper reflection on the nature of Jesus' kingship and divinity.

Verse 46:

KJV: "And no man was able to answer him a word, neither durst any man from that day forth ask him any more questions."
WEB: "No one was able to answer him a word, neither did anyone dare ask him any more questions from that day forward."

Explanation:
The inability of the Pharisees to respond signifies their defeat in this theological debate. Their silence reflects the authority of Jesus’ teaching and the realization of His divine nature. This moment marks a turning point as the religious leaders are left questioning their understanding of the Messiah.

Conclusion

Matthew Chapter 22 presents profound teachings on the nature of God's Kingdom, the importance of love and righteousness, and the identity of Jesus as the Messiah. Through parables and direct challenges to the religious leaders, Jesus reveals the heart of God's invitation to all people. The chapter emphasizes that while many are called to the Kingdom, genuine acceptance requires a response of faith, love, and transformation. It invites believers to reflect on their relationship with God and their understanding of Jesus’ identity, urging them to live in a way that honors His teachings and fulfills the greatest commandments.

Questions and Answers on Matthew Chapter 22

1. What is the main message of the parable of the wedding feast?
• The parable illustrates God's invitation to His Kingdom and the rejection of that invitation by those initially invited (the Jewish leaders). It emphasizes the inclusivity of the Gospel, showing that all, including the marginalized, are welcome in God's Kingdom.
2. What does the king's anger represent in the context of the parable?
• The king's anger symbolizes God's righteous judgment against those who reject His call and persecute His messengers. It serves as a warning about the consequences of refusing God's grace.
3. How does Jesus' teaching on "rendering to Caesar" relate to the responsibilities of believers today?
• Jesus' response emphasizes the importance of fulfilling both earthly and divine obligations. Believers are called to respect governmental authority while prioritizing their relationship with God, illustrating the balance between civic duty and spiritual commitment.
4. What do the Sadducees' questions reveal about their beliefs regarding the resurrection?
• The Sadducees' hypothetical scenario demonstrates their denial of the resurrection and their misunderstanding of eternal life. Jesus' response highlights the reality of resurrection and the transformative nature of life after death.
5. Why does Jesus emphasize the importance of loving God and loving others?
• By stating that these are the greatest commandments, Jesus underscores the essence of the Law and the Prophets. Love for God and neighbor encapsulates the moral and ethical foundation of the Christian faith.
6. What does it mean to be "clothed" in righteousness, as symbolized by the wedding garment?
• The wedding garment symbolizes the righteousness that comes from faith in Jesus Christ. It represents the transformation and readiness required to enter God's Kingdom, emphasizing that acceptance into the Kingdom requires a genuine relationship with God.
7. How does Jesus use Psalm 110 to challenge the Pharisees' understanding of the Messiah?
• By asking how David could call the Messiah "Lord," Jesus highlights the dual nature of the Messiah as both David's descendant and his sovereign. This challenges the narrow view of the Messiah as merely a political leader, revealing His divine authority.
8. What is the significance of the Pharisees' inability to answer Jesus' questions?
• Their inability to respond signifies their defeat in theological debate and highlights the authority of Jesus' teachings. It reflects their failure to understand the Scriptures and the true nature of the Messiah.
9. How does this chapter illustrate the theme of rejection in Matthew's Gospel?
• Throughout the chapter, there are multiple instances of rejection: the initial invitees to the wedding feast, the Sadducees' denial of resurrection, and the Pharisees' challenge to Jesus. This theme sets the stage for the broader rejection of Jesus leading to His crucifixion.
10. What can modern believers learn from the teachings in this chapter?
• Modern believers are encouraged to reflect on their relationship with God, prioritize love for Him and others, and recognize the importance of being prepared for His invitation to the Kingdom. The chapter calls for a genuine response to God's grace and a commitment to living out the values of the Kingdom.