Genesis Chapter 43

The Explained Book of Genesis Chapter 43 by Anietie Hanson

Study Bible: Genesis Chapter 43 – Joseph’s Brothers Return to Egypt with Benjamin

Introduction

Genesis Chapter 43 marks a key moment in the unfolding story of reconciliation and redemption within Joseph’s family. Faced with the worsening famine, Jacob reluctantly sends his sons back to Egypt, this time with Benjamin, as Joseph had demanded. This chapter explores themes of courage, provision, familial bonds, and the slow but deliberate steps toward forgiveness and healing.

With 34 verses, Genesis Chapter 43 emphasizes how God works through human fears, weaknesses, and circumstances to fulfill His sovereign plan. Let’s delve into the text verse by verse, examining symbols, actions, and their prophetic significance, using the World English Bible (WEB).

Verse-by-Verse Explanation

Genesis 43:1

"The famine was severe in the land."

Explanation: The severity of the famine reflects not only the physical crisis but also the necessity of fulfilling God’s plan to reunite Joseph with his family. This famine was prophesied in Joseph’s interpretation of Pharaoh’s dreams (Genesis 41:25–30) and signifies God’s control over nature to guide events. Psalm 105:16 reinforces this divine orchestration: "He called for a famine on the land. He destroyed the food supplies." This opening verse sets the tone for the dire situation that compels action.

Genesis 43:2

"When they had eaten up the grain which they had brought out of Egypt, their father said to them, 'Go again, buy us a little more food.'"

Explanation: Jacob’s instructions to buy more food reveal his reluctance to send his sons back to Egypt but also the pressing need for survival. This moment illustrates human dependence on God’s provision during times of scarcity. Philippians 4:19 reassures: "My God will supply every need of yours according to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus." Jacob’s words signify a turning point, forcing a return to the place of confrontation and divine purpose.

Genesis 43:3–5

"Judah spoke to him, saying, 'The man solemnly warned us, saying, "You shall not see my face unless your brother is with you." If you’ll send our brother with us, we’ll go down and buy you food; but if you’ll not send him, we’ll not go down, for the man said to us, "You shall not see my face unless your brother is with you."'"

Explanation: Judah’s insistence on taking Benjamin to Egypt demonstrates his growing sense of responsibility and leadership among the brothers. By quoting Joseph’s words—“You shall not see my face unless your brother is with you”—Judah highlights the non-negotiable terms set by Joseph, who is testing their integrity. Proverbs 4:7 emphasizes wisdom: "Wisdom is supreme. Get wisdom. Yes, though it costs all your possessions, get understanding." Judah’s approach underscores the necessity of obedience and trust in navigating this tense situation.

Genesis 43:6

"Israel said, 'Why did you treat me so badly, telling the man that you had another brother?'"

Explanation: Jacob’s complaint reflects his frustration and fear over potentially losing Benjamin, whom he cherishes as Rachel’s last remaining son. Referring to himself as Israel here underscores his identity as the patriarch of God’s covenant people, tasked with preserving the lineage of promise. This verse reveals Jacob’s human frailty and struggle to reconcile his fears with trust in God. Psalm 34:4 reassures: "I sought God, and he answered me, and delivered me from all my fears."

Genesis 43:7

"They said, 'The man asked directly concerning ourselves and concerning our relatives, saying, "Is your father still alive? Have you another brother?" We just answered his questions. Is there any way we could know that he would say, "Bring your brother down?"'"

Explanation: The brothers defend their honesty, explaining that Joseph’s probing questions seemed natural at the time and not suspicious. Their statement—“Is there any way we could know?”—shows their bewilderment, as they are unaware that Joseph’s inquiries are driven by his desire to reconnect with his family. Proverbs 12:22 speaks to their response: "Lying lips are an abomination to God, but those who do the truth are his delight." Their truthful recounting indicates their progress toward reconciliation.

Genesis 43:8–9

"Judah said to Israel, his father, 'Send the boy with me, and we’ll get up and go, so that we may live, and not die, both we, and you, and also our little ones. I will be collateral for him. You can hold me responsible for him. If I don’t bring him to you and set him before you, then let me bear the blame forever.'"

Explanation: Judah steps forward as a leader, offering himself as collateral for Benjamin’s safety and expressing urgency—“that we may live, and not die.” This moment marks Judah’s transformation from a man complicit in Joseph’s sale to a protector of his family. His pledge contrasts with Reuben’s earlier, rash offer (Genesis 42:37), showing maturity and selflessness. John 15:13 mirrors this sacrifice: "Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends."

Genesis 43:10

"For if we hadn’t delayed, surely we would have returned a second time by now."

Explanation: Judah emphasizes the urgency of their mission, pointing out that their hesitation has prolonged their suffering and jeopardized their survival. His statement—“we would have returned a second time by now”—reflects the consequences of delay when immediate action is needed. This moment underscores the importance of seizing opportunities in accordance with God’s timing. Ecclesiastes 3:1 reminds: "For everything there is a season, and a time for every purpose under heaven." Judah’s practical insight shifts the family dynamic, moving them toward resolution.

Genesis 43:11–12

"Their father Israel said to them, 'If it must be so, then do this: Take some of the choice fruits of the land in your bags, and carry down a present for the man—a little balm, a little honey, spices, and myrrh, nuts, and almonds; and take double money in your hand, and the money that was returned in the mouth of your sacks. Carry it again in your hand. Perhaps it was an oversight.'"

Explanation: Jacob’s strategy to send choice fruits and double money reflects a gesture of goodwill and an attempt to avoid conflict with the Egyptian ruler (Joseph). The offering of balm, honey, and spices mirrors the diplomatic gifts often presented in biblical times, emphasizing reconciliation and humility. Proverbs 18:16 highlights: "A man’s gift makes room for him and brings him before great men." Jacob’s approach demonstrates practical wisdom in navigating an uncertain situation.

Genesis 43:13–14

"Take your brother also, and arise, go again to the man. May God Almighty give you mercy before the man, that he may release your other brother and Benjamin. If I am bereaved of my children, I am bereaved."

Explanation: Jacob finally agrees to send Benjamin, entrusting his sons to the mercy of God Almighty (El Shaddai). This invocation of God’s name emphasizes Jacob’s reliance on divine protection and his acceptance of potential loss—“If I am bereaved of my children, I am bereaved.” This surrender mirrors Esther’s statement of courage: "If I perish, I perish" (Esther 4:16). Jacob’s decision reflects trust in God amidst fear and uncertainty.

Genesis 43:15

"The men took that present, and they took double money in their hand, and Benjamin; and rose up, went down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph."

Explanation: The brothers’ journey to Egypt, with Benjamin and their father’s gifts, marks a critical moment in the unfolding plan of reconciliation. Their obedience and willingness to follow through with Jacob’s instructions reveal a shift in their unity and maturity. Psalm 37:5 provides encouragement: "Commit your way to God. Trust also in him, and he will do this." This step represents progress toward healing and the fulfillment of God’s purposes.

Genesis 43:16

"When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the steward of his house, 'Bring the men into the house. Kill an animal, and prepare; for the men will dine with me at noon.'"

Explanation: Joseph’s recognition of Benjamin elicits a special response, as he arranges a meal to honor his brothers. The act of preparing food symbolizes hospitality, acceptance, and the beginnings of reconciliation. The phrase “dine with me at noon” demonstrates Joseph’s intent to foster connection and reveal his identity at the right time. Luke 14:15 resonates with this moment: "Blessed is he who will eat bread in the kingdom of God." Joseph’s actions reflect grace and familial love.

Genesis 43:17

"The man did as Joseph commanded, and the man brought the men to Joseph’s house."

Explanation: Joseph’s steward’s obedience—“did as Joseph commanded”—reflects Joseph’s authority and meticulous planning. By bringing the brothers to Joseph’s house, the stage is set for a more personal and profound interaction. This act symbolizes an invitation to deeper connection and reconciliation. Psalm 37:23 resonates: "A man’s steps are established by God." Joseph’s preparations align with God’s greater purpose for healing and restoration.

Genesis 43:18

"The men were afraid because they were brought to Joseph’s house. They said, 'Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time, we are brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, attack us, and seize us as slaves, along with our donkeys.'"

Explanation: The brothers’ fear of being brought to Joseph’s house underscores their guilt and anxiety over unresolved issues, particularly the returned money. Their assumption of ulterior motives—“that he may seek occasion against us”—reveals their fragile conscience. Job 15:21 captures this state: "The sound of terror is in his ears; in prosperity the destroyer will come on him." Their fear points to the weight of unconfessed guilt, even as Joseph’s actions aim at reconciliation.

Genesis 43:19–22

"They came near to the steward of Joseph’s house, and they spoke to him at the door of the house, and said, 'Oh, my lord, we indeed came down the first time to buy food. When we came to the lodging place, we opened our sacks, and behold, every man’s money was in the mouth of his sack, our money in full weight. We have brought it again in our hand. We have brought down other money in our hand to buy food. We don’t know who put our money in our sacks.'"

Explanation: The brothers’ approach to Joseph’s steward reflects their attempt to preempt punishment and demonstrate honesty by returning the money. Their detailed explanation conveys their remorse and earnestness in correcting perceived wrongdoing. Proverbs 28:13 resonates: "He who conceals his sins doesn’t prosper, but whoever confesses and renounces them finds mercy." This confession marks progress in their moral growth and integrity.

Genesis 43:23

"He said, 'Peace be to you. Don’t be afraid. Your God, and the God of your father, has given you treasure in your sacks. I received your money.' He brought Simeon out to them."

Explanation: The steward’s reassurance—“Peace be to you. Don’t be afraid”—acknowledges God’s hand in the returned money, using language that reflects Joseph’s own faith and perspective. By attributing the treasure to “the God of your father,” the steward subtly reinforces the divine role in these events. Philippians 4:7 mirrors this peace: "The peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts." The release of Simeon signals a gesture of goodwill and prepares for further reconciliation.

Genesis 43:24–25

"The man brought the men into Joseph’s house, and gave them water, and they washed their feet. He gave their donkeys fodder. They prepared the present for Joseph’s coming at noon, for they heard that they should eat bread there."

Explanation: The provision of water for washing and fodder for the donkeys exemplifies hospitality, symbolizing cleansing, care, and preparation for fellowship. The brothers’ preparation of the present reflects their hope for favor and reconciliation with Joseph. Genesis 18:4 echoes the act of washing feet in hospitality: "Let a little water be brought, wash your feet, and rest yourselves under the tree." This moment conveys an atmosphere of respect and anticipation for an important encounter.

Genesis 43:26–27

"When Joseph came home, they brought him the present which was in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves down to him to the earth. He asked them of their welfare, and said, 'Is your father well, the old man of whom you spoke? Is he yet alive?'"

Explanation: The brothers’ gesture of bowing down to Joseph reaffirms the fulfillment of Joseph’s earlier dreams (Genesis 37:7), where his family would bow before him. Joseph’s inquiry about their father’s welfare shows his deep concern and longing for his family, though he maintains his concealed identity. His question—“Is he yet alive?”—reflects his attachment to Jacob and anticipates their ultimate reunion. Proverbs 20:7 supports this focus on family: "A righteous man walks in integrity. Blessed are his children after him." This moment emphasizes Joseph’s humanity and emotional connection.

Genesis 43:28

"They said, 'Your servant, our father, is well. He is still alive.' They bowed down humbly."

Explanation: The brothers’ respectful response—“Your servant, our father”—and their repeated bowing indicate humility and acknowledgment of Joseph’s authority, though they remain unaware of his true identity. This humility contrasts with their past arrogance and betrayal, signaling growth and submission. Philippians 2:3 reflects this attitude: "In humility, consider others better than yourselves." Their words foreshadow the eventual reconciliation between Joseph and the family.

Genesis 43:29–30

"He lifted up his eyes and saw Benjamin, his brother, his mother’s son, and said, 'Is this your youngest brother, of whom you spoke to me?' He said, 'God be gracious to you, my son.' Joseph hurried, for his heart yearned over his brother, and he sought a place to weep. He entered into his room, and wept there."

Explanation: Joseph’s recognition of Benjamin, his full brother from Rachel, stirs deep emotions, showing his love and longing for family connection. His blessing—“God be gracious to you, my son”—conveys compassion and reflects his faith in God’s role in their lives. Joseph’s weeping in private reveals the depth of his emotional struggle to balance forgiveness with his ongoing test of their sincerity. Psalm 126:5 resonates with this moment: "Those who sow in tears will reap in joy." This scene underscores the powerful bond between Joseph and Benjamin.

Genesis 43:31–32

"He washed his face and came out. He controlled himself, and said, 'Serve the meal.' They served him by himself, and them by themselves, and the Egyptians who ate with him by themselves, because the Egyptians don’t eat with the Hebrews, for that is an abomination to the Egyptians."

Explanation: Joseph’s composure—“He controlled himself”—demonstrates his self-discipline and commitment to seeing his plan through. The separate seating arrangements reflect Egyptian cultural norms, which regarded dining with Hebrews as an abomination. This separation highlights Joseph’s dual identity as an Egyptian leader and a Hebrew by birth. 2 Corinthians 6:17 encourages maintaining distinctiveness: "Come out from among them, and be separate," says God. The meal creates an atmosphere of respect while maintaining cultural boundaries.

Genesis 43:33–34

"They sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth, and the men marveled with one another. He sent portions to them from before him, but Benjamin’s portion was five times as much as any of theirs. They drank, and were merry with him."

Explanation: Joseph’s seating arrangement—“the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth”—astonishes the brothers, as it reveals knowledge only Joseph could possess. This act subtly hints at his identity while maintaining the mystery. Joseph’s gift of five times as much to Benjamin tests the brothers’ response to favoritism, a key issue that led to their betrayal of Joseph. Proverbs 17:1 highlights the joy of fellowship: "Better is a dry morsel with quietness, than a house full of feasting with strife." The harmony during the meal reflects a step toward reconciliation.

Questions and Answers on Genesis Chapter 43

1.      Why was Judah’s leadership significant in this chapter?

o    Judah’s pledge for Benjamin’s safety (Genesis 43:8–9) demonstrates his growth into a responsible and selfless leader.

2.      What was the purpose of the gifts Jacob instructed his sons to take to Egypt?

o    The gifts of fruits and spices (Genesis 43:11) were gestures of goodwill to gain favor with Joseph, whom they perceived as a powerful ruler.

3.      Why was Benjamin’s presence critical to this mission?

o    Joseph had demanded Benjamin’s presence (Genesis 43:3–5) as a test of the brothers’ honesty and family loyalty.

4.      Why did Jacob invoke “God Almighty” in Genesis 43:14?

o    By invoking El Shaddai, Jacob demonstrated his trust in God’s mercy to protect his sons and provide for their survival.

5.      What does Joseph’s emotional response to Benjamin reveal about his character?

o    Joseph’s private weeping (Genesis 43:30) reflects his love, compassion, and the emotional complexity of reconciling with his family.

6.      Why did Joseph seat his brothers in birth order at the meal?

o    The seating arrangement (Genesis 43:33) subtly revealed Joseph’s knowledge of their family, arousing their curiosity and wonder.

7.      What does the fivefold portion for Benjamin signify in Genesis 43:34?

o    The larger portion tested the brothers’ reaction to favoritism, echoing the dynamics that caused Joseph’s earlier mistreatment.

8.      Why did the Egyptians eat separately from Joseph and his brothers?

o    Egyptian cultural norms considered dining with Hebrews an abomination (Genesis 43:32), highlighting societal divisions.

9.      How does this chapter demonstrate God’s providence?

o    Through the famine, Joseph’s authority, and the family reunion, God’s sovereignty works to fulfill His covenant promises.

10.  What lessons can be learned from Judah’s actions in this chapter?

o    Judah’s willingness to take responsibility and his selfless leadership model qualities of humility and courage.

11.  Why were the brothers afraid upon entering Joseph’s house in Genesis 43:18?

o    Their fear stemmed from guilt over Joseph’s past and anxiety about the money being returned in their sacks.

12.  What does the joyful meal in Genesis 43:34 foreshadow?

o    It anticipates the eventual reconciliation of Joseph and his brothers, symbolizing restored fellowship.

Final Thoughts

Genesis Chapter 43, with 34 verses, masterfully portrays the tension, emotional depth, and gradual steps toward reconciliation between Joseph and his brothers. Through Judah’s leadership, Benjamin’s presence, and Joseph’s careful testing, the chapter highlights God’s providence and the healing power of humility and love.

Key Themes:

1.      Redemption and Growth: Judah’s transformation into a responsible leader demonstrates the potential for change and maturity.

2.      Family and Reconciliation: The brothers’ reunion and their harmonious meal foreshadow restored relationships.

3.      God’s Sovereignty: Every event, from the famine to Joseph’s preparations, reflects God’s overarching plan for redemption.